As India eagerly awaits the results of the Lok Sabha election 2024 result , foreign policy emerges as a critical factor that could shape the nation’s trajectory on the global stage. The electoral mandate will significantly influence India’s foreign policy priorities, diplomatic engagements, and international relations. Let’s delve into how the election outcomes might impact India’s foreign policy landscape.
The Rising Interest in Foreign Policy
Foreign policy, once viewed as an elite preoccupation, has now descended from its rarefied perch to become a topic of broader interest. According to a 2023 Pew survey, nearly seven in 10 Indians believe that their country’s global influence is growing stronger. Campaign posters across the nation proudly highlight India’s presidency of the G20, and the external affairs minister is sought out by party leaders to discuss India’s standing in the world. Even the Opposition has taken notice, with Congress’s 2024 manifesto dedicating multiple pages to national security.
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) recognizes the salience of foreign policy in ordinary Indians’ lives. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s political credibility and the BJP’s ideological moorings contribute to the domestic currency of foreign policy. But what are the implications of this trend?
India’s Quest for Status Recognition
India, as a rising power, seeks recognition and status on the global stage. While this quest is not novel, there’s a palpable feeling that something qualitatively different is afoot. The present government not only desires India to transition from a “balancing” power to a “leading” one but also asserts that this status transition has partly been achieved.
Status-seeking behavior extends beyond domestic politics and applies to states in international relations. Rising powers like India care deeply about their position in the global hierarchy. Achieving higher status facilitates entry into valuable economic networks, key multilateral forums, and strategic partnerships. Symbolic equality—where rising powers are treated as co-equals at the global high table—also matters.
Implications for India’s Foreign Policy
- Alignment with Global Powers: The election results will determine how India aligns itself with other major powers. Whether it leans toward the United States, China, or other influential nations will significantly impact regional dynamics and strategic partnerships.
- Strategic Partnerships: The new government’s agenda will shape India’s strategic partnerships. Closer ties with countries like Japan, Australia, and European nations could enhance India’s global standing and influence.
- Trade Agreements: The government’s stance on trade agreements will directly affect economic ties with other countries. Negotiations on free trade agreements, tariffs, and market access will be closely watched.
- Geopolitical Strategies: India’s approach to geopolitical challenges—such as the Indo-Pacific region, border disputes, and regional security—will be influenced by the election outcomes.
As the Lok Sabha election results are announced on June 4, 2024, India’s foreign policy will be in the spotlight. The choices made by the new government will reverberate far beyond its borders, shaping India’s role in an increasingly multipolar world order. Whether India continues its ascent as a leading global player or faces unforeseen challenges remains to be seen, but the impact will be profound.
BJP manifesto on foreign policy
Let’s delve into the foreign policy chapter of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)’s manifesto for the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. The BJP outlines its vision for India’s role on the global stage, emphasizing several key areas:
- The BJP aims to further consolidate India’s position as the “Voice of the Global South.” Over the last decade, India has established itself as a reliable, trusted, and dependable voice globally. The party’s human-centric worldview has positioned India as a consensus builder, first responder, and advocate for the Global South.
- During India’s G20 Presidency in 2022-23, the country successfully brought the Global South to the high table of this inter-governmental forum. India’s commitment to integrating the priorities of African nations within the G20 agenda led to the inclusion of the 55-nation African Union (AU) as a permanent member of the G20. This move emphasized India’s role as a voice for the Global South.
- The BJP pledges to use Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 5S approach—Samman (respect), Samvad (dialogue), Sahyog (assistance), Shanti (peace), and Samriddhi (prosperity)—to further consolidate India’s position as a Voice of the Global South.
- The BJP commits to continuing the Neighbourhood First policy by being a trusted and responsible partner in the subcontinent. This involves promoting regional cooperation, ensuring stability, and fostering prosperity in the neighborhood.
In summary, the BJP’s manifesto underscores India’s global leadership aspirations, its fight against terrorism, and its pursuit of permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). As the election results unfold, these foreign policy priorities will significantly impact India’s diplomatic engagements and international relations.
INC manifesto on Foreign Policy
1. To restore marked departures from the consensus, notably on the ongoing Gaza conflict. Congress pledges to restore India’s global reputation as a voice of peace and moderation in world affairs.
2. Strengthening India’s role in multilateral institutions, coordinating positions with other countries of the Global South on vital issues, and continue to work for reform and empowerment of international organisa-tions
3. Will work to restore the status quo ante on our borders with China and to ensure that areas where both armies patrolled in the past are again accessible to India’s soldiers.
4. Re-establish the primacy of special relationships with Nepal and Bhutan and strengthen them to our mutual benefit, enhance economic and cultural relations between India and Bangladesh.
5. Will work with Sri Lanka to restore the political and commercial relations between the two countries and help Sri Lanka resolve its political issues especially with the Tamils, repair relations with the Maldives and work with Myanmar to protect the political and human rights of the people of Myanmar.
The INC has a rich history of shaping India’s foreign policy, dating back to its role in the freedom struggle and post-independence diplomacy. Their vision builds on this legacy, emphasizing India’s role as a responsible global actor.
World’s Eyes on Lok Sabha election 2024 result
The Indian Lok Sabha elections have garnered attention from the international community, particularly in the context of foreign policy. Here are some perspectives:
- Global Firms and Economic Reforms:
- As Prime Minister Narendra Modi hopes for a potential third term, global firms are closely monitoring the election outcome. They highlight several challenges facing India’s economy, including policy inconsistencies, bureaucratic delays, and scarcity of land. Despite improved business sentiment, there’s a call for tough reforms to attract foreign investment.
- Investors are also paying attention to the election results, as they anticipate potential policy changes that could impact economic ties and business opportunities.
- Assertive Foreign Policy:
- If Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) secures a victory, India’s foreign policy is expected to grow more assertive. The election cycle has reaffirmed India’s democratic credentials, but an erosion of its secular image could pose challenges for its global standing.
- The BJP’s focus on self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) and manufacturing (Make in India) aligns with India’s ambition to become a key protagonist in an increasingly multipolar world order.
- Limitations on Government Authority:
- While the BJP is predicted to win a majority in the Lok Sabha, it faces limitations. Its Rajya Sabha seat total remains relatively low, hindering the passage of tricky legislation.
- The BJP’s reliance on state governments and shifting alliances within the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) affects policy execution.The Indian Lok Sabha elections are closely watched by foreign stakeholders, who anticipate economic reforms, assertive foreign policy, and potential shifts in India’s global image.
- Regional Dynamics:
- Neighboring countries closely monitor the election results. India’s relations with Pakistan, China, and Bangladesh are critical for regional stability. The outcome could impact border disputes, trade, and security cooperation. An interesting thing recently happened when former Pakistani minister Chaudhry Fawad Hussain expressed support for Arvind Kejriwal during the Lok Sabha elections, Kejriwal responded firmly:
- “Chaudhry Sahib, I and the people of my country are capable of solving our own problems. We don’t need your tweet. Right now, Pakistan is in a terrible state. You handle your own country. The Indian elections are our internal matter. The country will not tolerate interference from the biggest terror sponsors. Kejriwal’s sharp reaction emphasized India’s ability to manage its internal affairs and dismissed the need for foreign endorsements. He urged the Pakistani leader to focus on Pakistan’s welfare instead.
- Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan also have vested interests in India’s political landscape. They seek stable leadership that promotes regional cooperation and addresses common challenges like climate change and terrorism.
- Climate Change and Renewable Energy:
- The elections provide an opportunity to assess India’s commitment to climate change mitigation. Foreign governments and environmental organizations watch for policies supporting renewable energy, emissions reduction, and sustainable development.
- India’s role in international climate negotiations, especially ahead of COP26, is closely observed.
- Geopolitical Alliances:
- The United States, European Union, and Russia engage with India on various fronts. They seek continuity in strategic partnerships, defense cooperation, and economic ties.
- The Quad (India, U.S., Japan, Australia) and India’s participation in forums like BRICS and SCO are relevant. The election outcome may influence India’s alignment in these alliances.
- Human Rights and Democracy:
- Foreign governments and human rights organizations assess India’s commitment to democratic values, religious freedom, and minority rights. The election process and treatment of dissenting voices are scrutinized.
- The global perception of India’s secularism and pluralism is at stake.
The Indian Lok Sabha elections have implications beyond national borders. They impact regional stability, climate action, geopolitical alliances, and human rights. Foreign policymakers and observers closely follow the electoral process and its aftermath.