As we navigate 2024, the south Korea and India relationship has reached new heights, with significant developments in strategic cooperation, technology, and trade.
1. Strategic Cooperation: During the 10th India-South Korea Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) held in Seoul on March 6, 2024, India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, expressed India’s desire to expand its strategic partnership with South Korea into new areas. These areas include critical and emerging technologies, semiconductors, and green hydrogen. This meeting marked a turning point in South Korea and India relationship, emphasizing the commitment of both countries to deeper cooperation.
2. Trilateral Technology Cooperation: In March 2024, South Korea’s Foreign Minister, Cho Tae-yul, and India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, held their 10th Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) in Seoul, marking the first such gathering in almost six years. A week later, in their trilateral technology dialogue, the United States, South Korea, and India explored possibilities for collaboration in key emerging technology fields. These fields include semiconductors, biotechnology, space, artificial intelligence (AI), and quantum technology. This trilateral cooperation signifies a trajectory toward deeper strategic ties in South Korea and India relationship in the Indo-Pacific era.
Creating new pathways to further strengthen the 🇮🇳-🇰🇷 Special Strategic Partnership.
— Dr. S. Jaishankar (Modi Ka Parivar) (@DrSJaishankar) March 6, 2024
Highlights of my visit to Seoul 🎥: pic.twitter.com/BsqTrimy3p
The partnership is based on shared values, including a dedication to democracy and maintaining the rules-based international order. Acknowledging the growing significance of cooperation in key technological domains, the trilateral partners aim to broaden the scope of supply chain collaboration, especially within emerging sectors such as IT and electronics. This effort emphasizes o countering China’s expansionist ambitions. By aligning their technological strengths, India, South Korea, and the U.S. aim to ensure peace and stability in the region.
The trilateral partnership is expected to expand collaboration on clean energy and semiconductors too. These areas hold immense potential for economic growth and innovation.
3. India South Korea Trade: South Korea and India share mutual interests due to India’s ‘Act East’ policy and South Korea’s ‘Act Southern’ policy. In South Korea’s first comprehensive regional strategy, the Indo-Pacific Strategy, Seoul has called New Delhi a special strategic partner. The goal is to build a $50-billion bilateral trade relationship by 2030. Both countries recognize the importance of cooperation in advanced manufacturing, including electric vehicles and other technological domains.
Trade Volume: The bilateral trade volume between India and Korea has been on an upward trajectory. In 2021, the trade stood at USD 23.7 billion, and this figure increased significantly in 2022.
Various sectors contributed to this impressive growth. Industries such as automotive, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles played a pivotal role in enhancing trade relations. Both countries have actively promoted investment and collaboration in these sectors.
The Republic of Korea has emerged as one of India’s key foreign direct investment (FDI) partners. From April 2000 to September 2023, Korea’s FDI inflow into India reached a substantial USD 5.71 billion. This underscores the confidence that Korean investors have in India’s business environment.
India and Korea have fostered strategic partnerships in areas like technology transfer, research and development, and joint ventures. These collaborations have not only boosted South Korea and India relationship but also facilitated knowledge exchange and innovation.
Despite the positive trends, challenges persist. Both countries need to address non-tariff barriers, streamline customs procedures, and enhance connectivity to further enhance bilateral trade.
With the growing emphasis on sustainable development and digital transformation, India and Korea are well-positioned to explore new avenues of cooperation. Initiatives such as the India-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) will play a crucial role in shaping the future of trade relations.
4. Shared Values and Minilateral Frameworks: The involvement of the United States in the Quad framework highlights the need for minilateral frameworks among like-minded countries in the Indo-Pacific region. Shared values, including a dedication to democracy and maintaining the rules-based international order, form the basis of the South Korea and India relationship. The trilateral technology dialogue involving India, South Korea, and the U.S. reflects this commitment to collaboration and security.
South Korea and India relationship: Historical ties
India and South Korea share a rich historical and cultural bond that spans over two millennia. From ancient trade routes to modern economic partnerships, their relationship has evolved significantly.
The roots of India south Korea relations can be traced back to the 4th century AD when Buddhism traveled from India to the Korean peninsula. Asoka, the great Indian emperor, played a pivotal role in this exchange. He not only patronized Buddhism but also sent iron and gold from India to Korea, contributing to the establishment of Buddha statues and temples.
During the proto-three kingdoms period (100-669 AD), Indian diamond-drilled carnelian beads were discovered in Korea. These beads serve as tangible evidence of the maritime trade between the two regions. The Silk Roads, both overland and maritime, interlinked India and Korea, forming what scholars aptly call the “great circle of Buddhism”.
Formal diplomatic ties between India and South Korea were established on December 10, 1973. However, consular relations had already been in place since 1962. Over the years, the relationship has blossomed, leading to significant milestones and cooperation across various domains.
Trade agreements have played a crucial role in strengthening bilateral ties. Notably, the Agreement on Trade Promotion and Economic and Technological Co-operation (1974) paved the way for deeper engagement. Since then, trade volumes have soared, reaching $17.6 billion in 2013. South Korea is now the fifth-largest source of investment in India.
Korean conglomerates such as LG, Samsung, and Hyundai have set up manufacturing and service facilities in India. Additionally, Tata Motors’ acquisition of Daewoo Commercial Vehicles exemplifies India’s investments in Korea. The National Highways Development Project and other infrastructural initiatives have witnessed Korean construction companies actively participating.
People-to-People Ties: The Indian Community in Korea
Approximately 8,000 Indians reside in Korea, forming a diverse community. Among them are businesspeople, IT professionals, scientists, research fellows, students, and workers. The Indian diaspora contributes to Korea’s growth and innovation. Over 1,000 IT professionals work in Korean conglomerates like Samsung and LG, while scientists and researchers collaborate on cutting-edge projects.
Still, there are some challenges that Indians face while living in South Korea. Discrimination against Indians in South Korea is a complex issue that has garnered attention over the years. Let’s explore some aspects of this situation:
One of the most significant anti-racism movements in South Korea was led by an Indian professor named Bonojit Hussain. In 2009, Hussain and his Korean friend were subjected to racist abuse on a bus in Seoul. This incident prompted him to lodge a police complaint, which eventually led to the drafting of an anti-racism bill by the National Assembly.
Despite this progress, discrimination persists, and it’s essential to continue addressing it. Presently, over 12,000 Indian workers are employed in South Korea, along with more than 13,000 individuals from Bangladesh. Unfortunately, some of these individuals become targets of discrimination and hostility.
A survey revealed that 7 out of 10 foreigners in South Korea have experienced some form of racism. Indians, in particular, have faced negative stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes. Instances like being denied entry into clubs based on nationality or skin color have been reported. South Korea’s society still grapples with ethnic nationalism and a patriarchal social system. While progress has been made, there’s room for improvement in combating discrimination.
Despite the challenges faced by Indians in South Korea, there are inspiring success stories of individuals who have thrived. Here are a few examples:
Jaswinder Singh Ahuja:
Jaswinder Singh Ahuja is an Indian entrepreneur who has made a significant impact in South Korea. He founded the company “Korea Tourism Organization India” and has been instrumental in promoting tourism between the two countries. His efforts have helped bridge cultural gaps and enhance understanding.
Dr. Bonojit Hussain:
As mentioned earlier, Dr. Bonojit Hussain, an Indian professor, played a crucial role in advocating against racism in South Korea. His persistence led to the drafting of an anti-racism bill, which was a significant achievement in the fight against discrimination.
Also, many Indian students pursue higher education in South Korea. They excel in various fields, including engineering, computer science, and medicine. Their contributions to research, innovation, and academia are commendable. Indian entrepreneurs have established successful businesses in South Korea too. Whether it’s in technology, fashion, or food, their resilience and adaptability have contributed to economic growth as well as South Korea and India relationship.
Some Indian artists have found success in the South Korean entertainment industry too. For instance, Priyanka Mazumdar participated in the reality show “K-Pop Star Hunt” and gained recognition for her singing talent.
Aria (Gauthami):
Aria, also known by her stage name Gauthami, is an Indian singer and rapper based in South Korea. She is a member of the global K-pop girl group X:IN. Aria made history by becoming the first-ever Indian K-pop idol to perform on local music shows such as Show! Music Core and Inkigayo. She trained under Universe, an online training platform, before officially debuting with X:IN. Her performances have garnered attention worldwide, and she has become a symbol of representation for Indian K-pop fans.
Sriya Lenka
In May 2022, Sriya officially debuted as a member of BLACKSWAN. Her debut marked a historic moment for India and K-pop. She continues to work hard, collaborate with her group, and connect with fans worldwide. Sriya’s ability to blend Indian and K-pop styles set her apart. As the first Indian idol in the K-pop industry, she brought a fresh perspective and cultural richness to her performances. Her unique talent caught the attention of fans and industry professionals.
Additionally, cultural exchange programs, dance workshops, and language courses have allowed Indians to immerse themselves in Korean culture and build meaningful connections.
The south Korea and India relationship in 2024 is characterized by strategic cooperation, technological advancements, and shared values. As both nations continue to strengthen their ties, we can anticipate a new chapter in this partnership that will endure for decades to come.
